Correlation between vegetarian diet and oral health: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Nutrition plays a significant role in preserving the balance of the human body. Considering each person's particular characteristics, diet can directly and indirectly alter the body's immune response. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the connection between a vegetarian diet and its impact on oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the connection between a vegetarian diet and dental health, a search of the literature was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. English language and a publication year between January 1, 2013, and March 1, 2023, were the inclusion criteria for the search. RESULTS: There were 167 articles in total that addressed the subject of interest, and 18 of them were chosen for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a vegetarian diet may alter oral health, namely periodontal health, tooth erosion, and oral microbiome. Even if the data collected prevents the effect of a vegetarian diet on oral health from being confirmed, this study acts as a starting point for future, more focused research.

The experience of the rigid lockdown in the dental emergency room and urgency care during COVID-19 pandemic: a transnational multicenter observational study.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on our lives all over the world. Changes have occurred in daily life as well as in all medical services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the emergency accesses in four universities' emergency services during the lockdown period from March to June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 44,787 patients to evaluate the emergency services of university centers. The medical data of Medical Emergency Service Data (MESD) were assessed by five independent operators considering the epidemiological findings for statistics methods. RESULTS: A lower level of emergency access was reported in March-July compared to the pre-COVID period. The epidemiological data confirmed that female pathologies were more frequent compared to male patients. A fluctuation for almost all urgent healthcare centers was detected, showing one/two peaks per year during the years 2017-2019. The COVID-19 pandemic period did not influence the variety of pathology detected. CONCLUSIONS: After the lockdown period, the emergency services slowly increased in cases. The pre-COVID period showed an overlapping of the most frequent pathologies compared to the post-COVID period: periodontitis (Bari and Tirana), dental fractures (Bari and Bucharest), odontogenic abscess (Bari, Cluj and Tirana).

Ceramic biomaterials in dentistry: chemical structure and biosafety - a review and a bibliometric visual mapping on Scopus database.

OBJECTIVE: A biomaterial is any non-pharmaceutical substance or a mixture of synthetic or natural substances used independently or as part of a system for any amount of time with the aim of mending, supporting the growth, or replacing tissues, organs, or functions of the body. It is a non-renewable material that interacts with biological systems. The purpose of this study was to assess the advances in ceramic biomaterials and perform a bibliometric mapping of the literature on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Scopus database was used for manuscript screening (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The effect of the scientific production has been assessed using scientometric citational metrics. RESULTS: A total of 2,554 pieces of literature, including 2,234 papers, 170 conference proceedings, 109 reviews, 35 book chapters, 3 editorial letters, and 3 short surveys, were retrieved. Based on the research conducted, it is noted that ceramic materials are high-performing by being porous or glassy and can, therefore, serve as fillers, covering materials, and scaffolds in medicine and biotechnology. They are frequently employed not only in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgery but also in dentistry for dental prostheses. CONCLUSIONS: Materials monitoring methods enable us to track the three-dimensional evolution of ceramics' volume, as well as flaws or micro-cracks.

A study survey on molnupiravir treatment in COVID-19 patients at home in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam.

OBJECTIVE: Molnupiravir (MOV) is an oral antiviral drug that received use authorization in Vietnam for the treatment of mild COVID-19 (F0). There was a need to develop alternative approaches that allowed patients to access medication, decongest hospitals, clinics, and facilities, and protect people from infection. During the COVID-19 crisis, the Ninh Thuan Health Authorities implemented the home delivery of medication by community health workers. This study conducted in collaboration with two important Italian entities [the Aldo Moro University of Bari City and the 118 Department of Territorial Emergency System (118 SET) of Taranto City] aimed to evaluate the implementation of home delivery F0 treatment package assessing the rate of infection recovering during the coronavirus pandemic in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A convergent mixed methods research, based on a longitudinal study with quantitative research and qualitative assessments, evaluated four implementation outcomes: the feasibility, fidelity, coverage, sustainability, and effectiveness of the initiative. Data sources included routinely collected data, a telephonic survey of patients, an analysis of set-up and recurrent costs, as well as descriptive exploratory qualitative and quantitative analysis. RESULTS: After taking the MOV for 5 days, only 35 out of the initial 400 F0 patients remained positive, while 365 patients (91.2%) were negative (CT≥30). Whilst, the successful rate after using the drug during the course accounted for 99.85% and 100% after the entire treatment course, without any death. After 5 days of taking the drug, a positive test result (CT<30) was associated with age group ≥60 (OR=2.7) and comorbidities (OR=3.0) (p<0.05) compared to negative and positive results (CT≥30). Negative factors impacting F0 at home include a shortage of healthcare workers, inadequate supply of thermometers and SpO2 meters, and insufficient financial support for healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS: MOV caused a reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death in mild COVID-19 patients, and molnupiravir was also found to be well tolerated and safe without any major adverse events during the administration period.

Caries prevention and treatment in early childhood: comparing strategies. A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Early childhood caries is a common condition that poses a serious risk to children's health because it can progress quickly, resulting in pain, abscesses, and a general decline in health. As a result, invasive therapies are needed, which call for highly skilled personnel. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the most recent and widely applied early childhood caries (ECC) prevention and treatment approaches. Only substances that act topically and minimally invasive interventions were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The database search was restricted to randomized clinical trials completed within the last five years, specifically those that examined the following procedures: sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, alternative restorative technique (ART), nano-silver fluoride, silver diamine fluoride, and silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment sealants (SMART). RESULTS: A total of 815 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 584 articles were included, and 567 of them were excluded due to not meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Every method considered has been proven to be successful in halting the progression of ECC and is well-liked by patients, even those who are unwilling to cooperate, as well as by parents. The most common unfavorable effect of SDF is irreversible black discoloration in treated tooth surfaces, but this is typically not a problem. They are all low-cost, minimally invasive techniques that might also be widely used in large communities and low socioeconomic settings.

The importance of arterial blood gas analysis as a systemic diagnosis approach in assessing and preventing chronic diseases, from emergency medicine to the daily practice.

Blood gas analysis is a diagnostic tool to evaluate the partial pressures of gas in blood and acid-base content. The use of blood gas analysis enables a clear understanding of respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic disorders. The arterial blood gas (ABG) explicitly analyzes blood taken from an artery, assessing the patient's partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) pH (acid/base). PaO2 indicates the oxygenation status, and PaCO2 indicates the ventilation status (chronic or acute respiratory failure). PaO2 is affected by hyperventilation, characterized by rapid or deep breathing, and hypoventilation, characterized by slow or shallow breathing. The acid-base balance tested by the ABG procedure measures the pH and PaCO2 directly, while the use of the Hasselbach equation gives the serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and base deficit or excess. The measured HCO3 is based on a strong alkali that frees all CO2 in serum, including dissolved CO2, carbamino compounds, and carbonic acid. The calculation uses a standard chemistry analysis, giving the amount of "total CO2"; the difference will amount to around 1.2 mmol/L. Though ABG is frequently ordered in emergency medicine contests for acute conditions, it may also be needed in other clinical settings. The ABG analysis shows to be an exceptional diagnostic tool, including the group of diseases known as acid-base diseases (ABDs), which include a great variety of conditions such as severe sepsis, septic shock, hypovolemic shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal tubular acidosis, chronic respiratory failure, chronic heart failure, and diverse metabolic diseases.

Dental erosion and the role of saliva: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates the relationship between saliva and dental erosion. The acidic environment that can be established in the mouth leads to dental erosion. Acid pH, low salivary flow, systemic pathologies of patients, intake of acidic foods, and poor oral hygiene contribute to an oral environment that favors the development of dental erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to assess the role of saliva and dental erosion. The inclusion criteria for the search were: year of publication from January 1st, 2013, to March 1st, 2023, and English language. RESULTS: A total of 3,597 articles covering our topic were found, of which 15 were selected for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Saliva protects against erosion by neutralizing and removing intrinsic and extrinsic acids, promoting the formation of an acquired protective film, and providing mineral substrates for remineralization by maintaining homeostasis in the digestive tract and oral cavity.

New biograft solution, growth factors and bone regenerative approaches in neurosurgery, dentistry, and orthopedics: a review.

Bone regeneration following surgery, trauma, or any other condition is an autologous process that can fail, necessitating the requirement of novel procedures and materials. Recently, significant progress has been made in the research related to regenerative medicine. At the same time, biomedical implants in spine surgery, orthopedics, and dentistry are facing many challenges and posing clinical concerns. A PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus review was carried out to identify all studies dealing with bone regenerative approaches in dentistry, orthopedics, and neurosurgery from database inception to December 2022. There has been an upsurge in the implication of a multitude of materials in the enhancement of bone regeneration and/or neo-bone formation, including blood-derived growth factors, new biografts, biosynthetic polymers, inorganic compounds, and sea corals, in the very recent years. Stem cells (SCs) have been found to be efficacious and safe modalities in osteogenesis. Furthermore, bone regeneration/formation depends on the host's immune system and metabolic condition. Epidermal growth factors (EGFs) and their receptors (EGFRs) are important in the mechanism of wound repairing and healing through the recruitment of stromal stem cells for epidermal and dermal regeneration. Similarly, biocomposite developed from Silica assembled with calcium and phosphorous has been utilized in the treatment of broken bones. In this review, we summarized the clinical and laboratory evidence of bone regenerative approaches in the field of spine surgery, orthopedics, and dentistry. An accurate pre-operative screening is the key to managing and carefully planning all surgical steps and achieving the final success.

Direct and indirect bonding techniques in orthodontics: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Some of the most significant aspects in orthodontics for achieving favorable treatment outcomes include correct bracket positioning and a shorter period to accomplish bracket bonding. Two different brackets bonding techniques - direct and indirect bonding - are described in the literature. The aim of this review is to evaluate the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of the two techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in a period from January 2013 to April 2023 with English language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: "orthodontic bracket* AND (bonding OR placement)". RESULTS: A total of 3,820 articles were identified by the electronic search, and after duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility, a total of 11 papers were included for the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect bonding is more predictable and precise than direct bonding. Indirect bonding has a greater impact on minimizing bracket placement errors than direct bonding, but it still takes longer to complete than the traditional procedure. However, further studies on the differences between direct and indirect bonding, as well as digital bonding, are needed.

Autologous tooth for bone regeneration: dimensional examination of Tooth Transformer® granules.

OBJECTIVE: Since 1967, when the osteoinduction properties of autogenous demineralized dentin matrix were discovered, autologous tooth grafts have been advocated as a viable option to autologous or heterologous bone graft. Tooth graft materials may be extracted from the patient's whole tooth using a granulating device. The aim of this study was to examine the size of granules obtained by the Tooth Transformer (TT)® device, using a laser instrument with high precision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TT® device can obtain bone graft material in a short period from an extracted tooth. The resulting material can act as an osteoconductive scaffold, providing a mineral substrate during resorption, including platelet growth factors and morphogenetic proteins. Different studies have investigated the dimension and behavior of various graft material particles, since the size of the grafted particles may play a role in osteogenesis and bone regeneration. RESULTS: Different dimensions of granules are available: small (< 400 µm), medium (400 µm-1,000 µm) and large (1,000 µm-2,000 µm). From 4.03 µm to 100 µm the percentage of granules was 14.52 ± 1.93%. A larger part of the granules was up to 100 µm, while 85.47 ± 1.93% of the granules were from 100 µm to 1,000 µm. CONCLUSIONS: 85% of the granules produced were in accordance with the dimensions suggested in the literature.

Soft tissue regeneration in animal models using grafts from adipose mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood fibrin gel.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of soft tissue regeneration in nude mice using grafts made from the combination of adipocytes from fat tissue mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin gel from peripheral blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue and identified according to ISCT criteria. The scaffold used was fibrin obtained from peripheral blood. The grafts in this study were generated by transferring mesenchymal stem cells onto a fibrin scaffold. Two types of grafts, the research sample (fibrin scaffold containing adipocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells) and the control sample (fibrin scaffold only), were grafted under the dorsal skin of the same mouse. After each research period, samples were collected and evaluated by histological methods to observe the existence and growth of cells inside the grafts. RESULTS: The results showed that the study group's graft integrated better within the tissue when compared with the control group. In addition, the grafts in the study group showed the presence of cells with characteristic morphology of adipocytes one week after transplantation. In contrast, control samples showed dimorphous shapes and features mainly composed of non-homogenous fragments. CONCLUSIONS: These initial conclusions might be considered a first step in generating safe bio-compatible engineered grafts specifically usable in post-traumatic tissue regeneration procedures.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid and supplemented with amino acids, and glutathione or colin, for the prevention and treatment of wrinkles on the face, neck, décolleté and hands.

OBJECTIVE: Hyaluronic acid has been used for a long time as a biorevitalizer to treat skin aging both in single formulation and in association with other compounds such as amino acids or vitamins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of class III medical devices SKIN B, SKIN R, SKIN OX, SKIN COLIN, for the treatment of wrinkles on the face, neck, décolleté and hands. These medical devices are all based on hyaluronic acid and supplemented with amino acids (SKIN B and SKIN R) and glutathione (SKIN OX) or colin (SKIN COLIN). This gives broader possibilities to the aesthetic surgeon for personalization and pharmacological diversification based on the patient's deficits to treat. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 60 subjects affected by skin damage such as rhytidids, dehydration, reduced sebum production and skin hypoxia were enrolled. The patients were treated with a session of mesotherapy every 7 days for 30 days, followed by other 2 sessions every 15 days for 30 days and the follow-up on day 90. The primary efficacy endpoint was evaluated by means of a 0-10 visual analog scale at day 60; the secondary efficacy endpoint was evaluated by means of a 0-10 visual analog scale at day 90. RESULTS: All patients completed the 3-month follow-up. Treatment with SKIN B, SKIN OX, SKIN COLIN and SKIN R medical devices for the prevention and treatment of wrinkles on the face, neck, décolleté and hands were associated with favorable and positive results. A clear reduction of wrinkles has been clinically observed with improvement in the texture, brightness, and turgor of the skin. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The medical devices SKIN B, SKIN SKIN OX, SKIN COLIN produce an aesthetic improvement in patients affected by skin defects, when administered by mesotherapy technique. This study confirms the safety and efficacy of the medical devices based on hyaluronic acid supplemented with amino acids and glutathione or colin.

The human microbiota key role in the bone metabolism activity.

Data collection has suggested a complex correlation between the gut microbiota (GM) and bone homeostasis involving host-microbiota crosstalk. Although the GM is known to affect bone metabolism, the mechanisms linked with these effects remain unclear. The aim of this review is to current insight advances regarding how gut-derived hormones regulate bone homeostasis in humans, emphasizing gut-bone axis and bone regeneration. The GM may be engaged in bone metabolism and fracture risk. Additional investigations of the fundamental microbiota-related pathways in bone metabolism may uncover treatment strategies and enable the prevention of osteoporosis. A better knowledge of gut hormones' action on bone homeostasis may lead to new strategies for preventing and treating skeletal frailty related to age.

Efficacy of guided autofluorescence laser therapy in MRONJ: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to explore the efficacy of fluorescence-guided excision in the treatment of necrotic bone and highlights the importance of fluorescence in distinguishing viable margins from necrotic ones for a more targeted and predictable management of MRONJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2008, to May 17, 2023. The Boolean search strategy with the following keywords "osteonecrosis" AND "fluorescence" was performed. Then, the articles were subjected to screening and eligibility phases. The papers about the use of autofluorescence-guided laser therapy in patients with jaw osteonecrosis were included. RESULTS: A total of 320 articles were initially identified through an electronic search, and ultimately, 17 papers were included in the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the VELscope system allows for clear visualization of the bone, making guided autofluorescence a precise, safe, and reliable technique.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum removed with Atmospheric Plasma technique: 11-year follow up.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a subcutaneous lesion of the lid and cause a cosmetical issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the atmospheric plasma treatment for the treatment of xanthelasma with an 11-year follow up. Seventy-two patients with bilateral xanthelasma and 26 patients with unilateral xanthelasma by atmospheric plasma technique known also as voltaic arc dermabrasion (VAD, Europe Medical s.r.l. Montesilvano (PE), Italy). Photographs were obtained at the baseline and after the procedure and analyzed by an independent observer. The evaluation of the results was made 2 months after this single treatment with 11 years of follow up. The subjects average age was 48.5 years (range 41-63 years). All subjects were elected for a single session for the lesion removal. The erosion is epithelialized from the lesion margins and the dermal basal cells. After 2 months from the treatment, the result was scored as 4 (clearing of lesions > 75%, complete resolution) in 66 patients for a total of 104 lesions treated; scored as 3 in 24 patients for a total of 48 lesions, and as 2 in nine patients for a total of 18 lesions. No subjects scored 0 or 1. A total of 8 lesions showed mild erythema in the treated areas for 1 month. Numerous approaches were proposed for xanthelasma exeresis such as a surgical treatment especially in case of excessively large lesions or lesions involving the medial canthus that could produce a more limited skin laxity rapidly induces a risk of ectropion. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the present investigation suggest that the atmospheric plasma is a useful therapeutic option for the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Malar augmentation with Hyaluronic acid enriched with glycine and proline: a clinical evaluation.

The aging process causes skin modification and wrinkle formation with an alteration of the face harmony and imperfections. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate a cross-linked hyaluronic acid enriched with glycine and proline for zygomatic malar region infiltrations. A total of twenty healthy female patients were treated for zygomatic hypotonia. The level of patients and surgeon satisfaction was evaluated by global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) at baseline, immediately after the procedure and at 6 months from the treatment. The healing phase was uneventful, and no complications were reported in the perioperative and follow-up periods. No significant differences were reported between patients and surgeon GAIS score (p<0.05). A significant difference of GAIS score was reported immediately after the procedure and at 6 months if compared to the baseline (p<0.05). The cross-linked hyaluronic acid enriched with glycine and proline is a useful biomaterial for zygomatic- malar augmentation with no significant local complications and a high stability and satisfaction level of the procedure.

Bacterial adherence to silk and expanded polytatrafluorethilene sutures: an in vivo human study.

After oral surgery, bacterial adhesion to suture can cause surgical site infections and delay wound healing. Microbial adherence to the suture is influenced by its physical configuration and chemical structure. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo the bacterial adhesion to two suture materials used in oral surgery: silk and monofilament expanded polytetrafluoethilene (e-PTFE). After sinus lift surgery, 15 flaps were sutured with silk (nonabsorbable, organic, braided, 4.0) and 15 were sutured with e-PTFE (nonabsorbable, synthetic, monofilament, 4.0). Seven days after surgery, bacterial adherence, in terms of percentage of the surface covered, was evaluated for each suture material by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Onto silk suture, plaque consisted of a few cocci and a higher proportion of rods and filamentous-shaped bacteria, with some mineralized plaque. Onto e-PTFE speciments, only small colonies of a few cocci or no bacteria were observed, with empty spaces between the colonies and no plaque mineralization. The surface covered by bacteria on e-PTFE specimens was significantly lower than that of silk sutures. (22.1% ±4.96% vs 54.3% ± 7.9%; P =0.0001). The results of the present study suggest that multifilament structure of silk favours a greater bacterial adherence, proliferation, and persistence, so monofilament and e- PTFE suture should be preferred in oral surgery.

Graphene-doped Poly(methyl-methacrylate) as an enhanced biopolymer for medical device and dental implant.

Graphene-doping procedure represents a useful procedure to improve the mechanical, physical and biological response of several PMMA-derived polymers and biomaterials for dental applications. The aim of the study was to evaluate measure water sorption, water solubility and tolerance trough the rabbit pyrogen testing pyrogen detection of Graphene doped Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) compared with PMMA as potential materials for dental implant device. A total of 8 aged and unaged samples Graphene doped PMMA and PMMA were tested for water sorption and water solubility of the specimens. The experimental condition was evaluated according to the ISO 20795-1:2013 protocol. The biopolymer tolerance was evaluated in vivo on animals through the pyrogen detection test, acute intracutaneous and systemic irritation test. After wet conditioning both of Graphene doped PMMA and PMMA reported an increase of the weight. All the experimental samples showed a drastic low level of water sorption and solubility. Graphene doped PMMA unaged specimens showed a stability of physical and optical feature after the treatment. The Graphene doped PMMA has not shown pyrogens, an intradermal and systemic irritant effect on animals. The Graphene-doped PMMA satisfy the standard requirements and provide a physical and optical stability of the compound after the treatment. Further in vivo findings are required for future clinical application of the compound.

Clinical evaluation of efficacy and tolerance of a skin reconditioning compound for anti-aging.

Facial aging involves all facial structures located at different levels: bones soft tissues and skin with a reduction of the extracellular matrix. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the injectable solution antiaging complex composed by non-reticulated hyaluronic acid (HA) and amino acids vitamins and antioxidants conveyed with mesotherapy technique in subjects with different expressions of aging. 114 patients with different expressions of aging were enrolled in this study with mean age (49±6). HA and amino acids vitamins and antioxidants complex solution Neofound (Love Cosmedical, Castagneto, Italy) was injected on the dermal plane or superficial subdermal plane. Among the various imperfections, fine roughness surface irregularities skin firmness brightness/discoloration cutaneous hydration were those with the greatest response to therapy. The clinical data showed that the medical device Neofound is effective and safe to treat various skin signs of chrono and photoaging thanks to its ability to protect tissues from oxidative stress and hydrate the skin.

Peri-implant disease caused by residual cement around implant-supported restorations: a clinical report.

Cement-retained restorations on implants ensures better passive fit and aesthetics, simplicity of fabrication and a homogenous load distribution during function, compared to screw-retained restorations, but it is associated to biological complications following the difficulty to remove cement excess. In fact, residual cement is a predisposing factor to peri-implant tissue inflammation and periimplantitis, because promotes plaque retention of bacteria, due to rough surface. This is especially true since radiographs should not reveal the cement excess and cements commonly used for the cementation of implantsupported prostheses have poor radiodensity. This report documents a case of clinical and radiographic findings of peri-implant disease associated with excess cement extrusion. Two months after cement removal, resolution of inflammation occurred. A good method of cementation, an accessible margin of restoration and the use of ZnOE cement instead of methacrylate cement, should help to prevent cementrelated peri-implant disease.